PMC

(a) Effect of NBS concentration on gold leaching with temperature at 25 °C, stirring speed 400 rpm, liquid-solid ratio 2:1, pH 7, and leaching for 20 h; (b) Effect of liquid-solid ratio on gold leaching with 0.05 M NBS, 25 °C, stirring speed 400 rpm, pH 7, and leaching for 20 h; (c) Effect of pH on gold leaching with 0.05 M NBS, liquid-solid ratio 4:1, 25 °C, stirring speed 400 rpm, and leaching for 20 h; (d) Effect of stirring speed on gold leaching with 0.05 M NBS, liquid-solid ratio 4:1, pH 8, 25 °C, and leaching for 20 h; (e) Effect of temperature on gold leaching with 0.05 M NBS, liquid-solid ratio 4:1, pH 8, stirring speed 400 rpm, and leaching for 20 h; (f) Effect of time on gold leaching with 0.05 M NBS, liquid-solid ratio 4:1, pH 8, 25 °C and stirring speed 400 rpm.

Effects of liquid-to-solid ratio (l/s) on mass loss of solid phase (∆m_leach) and leaching yields (η_X) of zinc and manganese as a result of non-selective leaching of black mass.

Effect of parameters on the leaching efficiency of vanadium. (a) Current density; (b) acid concentration with electric field; (c) leaching temperature with electric field; (d) liquid-to-solid ratio with electric field.